Popularized as a weight loss solution, the ketogenic or "keto" diet originally emerged as a medical treatment for epilepsy in children. Founded on low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption, with moderate protein, the diet aims to shift the body's primary source of energy from glucose (sugar) sourced from carbs to ketones produced by fat breakdown.

By limiting daily carb intake – 10-15 grams for patients with epilepsy, 20-50 grams for those attempting weight loss – the body enters a state of ketosis, burning ketones in place of glucose. Achieving ketosis can take several days of regimented low-carb eating, and consuming excessive protein can obstruct this process.

Indications of successful ketosis can mirror flu symptoms and include headaches, fatigue, nausea, and irritability, hence the term "keto flu". Aside from these symptoms that suggest an energy shift in the body, higher fat and moderate protein consumption become key.

High carb foods are off-limits in a keto diet, such as grains, legumes, and most fruits. Approved foods include high-fat and protein-rich options, but care should be taken in choosing minimally processed and low-sodium variants.

The keto diet extends beyond weight loss, potentially aiding in blood glucose management, thereby benefiting type 2 diabetes patients. Lower consumed carbs equate to lower blood glucose and insulin levels, enhancing insulin responsiveness. However, discussions about the effects of the keto diet on cholesterol levels and heart health are ongoing.

While the initial weight loss effects may outpace those of a reduced-calorie diet, long-term keto diet results indicate little difference between low-fat and low-carb diets in significant weight loss success. Diet adherence can prove difficult due to its restrictive nature, and depending on diet implementation, it may also lead to high consumption of less healthy, high-fat, highly processed, and high-sodium foods.

Due to these considerations, it is essential to consult with healthcare professionals before embarking on the keto diet. Ketoacidosis, a severe condition where the body produces excess ketones, is a potential risk, particularly for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Long-term effects of the keto diet require further study, and there are concerns about weight regain upon diet cessation. Rapid weight changes, the characteristic "yo-yo dieting", are linked with higher mortality.

In summary, while the keto diet offers a potential means to manage specific ailments, assist prompt weight loss, and improve blood glucose control, its suitability varies with individual circumstances and entails careful implementation. Brittney Poulson, MDA, RDN, CD, CDCES, advises consulting with your healthcare provider to assess the diet's possible benefits, risks, and compatibility with your own health.